Hey @Tobias.vonLienen, I'd imagine you've probably already solved this by now, but maybe this will help someone else. Here's an example config profile for Teams. An easy way of creating these profiles is to use the PPPC Utility provided by Jamf: https://github.com/jamf/PPPC-Utility, it takes care of a lot of the guesswork.
Microsoft Teams PPPC Prefs Big Sur +.mobileconfig